Understanding Semen Analysis: What It Measures and What Abnormal Results Mean
Dr. Lee Caperton • July 21, 2025
When a couple faces challenges in conceiving, one of the first steps in fertility evaluation is often a semen analysis. Male factor infertility contributes to approximately 40-50% of infertility cases. At Caperton Fertility Institute, with locations in Albuquerque, NM and El Paso, TX, we rely on this essential diagnostic tool to assess male reproductive health and guide personalized fertility treatments.
What Is a Semen Analysis?
A semen analysis evaluates the health and viability of a man's sperm. This non-invasive test measures multiple parameters that are crucial for successful conception:
Volume
The amount of ejaculate, with a typical normal range between 1.5 to 5 milliliters.
Sperm Concentration
The number of sperm per milliliter of semen. A normal sperm count is 15 million/mL or higher.
Motility
The percentage of sperm that are actively moving. A minimum of 40% motility is generally considered normal.
Morphology
The size and shape of sperm, assessed using strict criteria. A morphology score of 4% or more normal-shaped sperm is acceptable.
pH Level
Measures the acidity or alkalinity of semen, with a normal range from 7.2 to 8.0.
White Blood Cells
Elevated levels may signal infection or inflammation in the reproductive tract.
Liquefaction Time
Refers to how long it takes semen to liquefy after ejaculation. Normal liquefaction occurs within 20 to 30 minutes.
What Do Abnormal Semen Analysis Results Mean?
An abnormal result doesn’t automatically mean infertility. Semen quality can vary over time, so further testing is often needed to understand the full picture. Depending on the results, your provider may recommend:
Repeat Semen Analysis: To confirm initial findings.
Hormonal Testing: Evaluates hormone levels like testosterone, FSH, LH, and prolactin.
Genetic Testing: For severely low sperm counts or azoospermia, this can reveal chromosomal abnormalities or Y chromosome deletions.
Scrotal Ultrasound: Detects physical issues such as varicoceles or obstructions.
Referral to a Urologist: For evaluation and management of urological or endocrine disorders.
Tailored Treatment for Male Factor Infertility
At Caperton Fertility Institute, we take a holistic and individualized approach to male infertility. Based on your specific diagnosis, treatment options may include:
Lifestyle changes to improve sperm health
Medical therapies to balance hormones or treat infections
Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
In vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Schedule a Fertility Consultation Today
If you or your partner are considering fertility testing, our experienced team in Albuquerque and El Paso is here to support your journey. Schedule your consultation today to take the first step toward growing your family.
Tags: Semen Analysis, Male Fertility, Sperm Count, Infertility Testing, Caperton Fertility Institute, Albuquerque Fertility, El Paso Fertility, IVF, ICSI, Male Factor Infertility
Uterine fibroids are a common diagnosis among women of reproductive age. While many fibroids are harmless and cause no symptoms, others can interfere with fertility and pregnancy. At Caperton Fertility Institute , we help patients understand how fibroids may affect reproductive health and provide personalized treatment options to optimize fertility outcomes. What Are Uterine Fibroids? Fibroids, also known as leiomyomas , are benign (non-cancerous) growths that develop in or on the uterus. They can vary greatly in size, number, and location. Depending on where they form, fibroids are classified into several types: Submucosal Fibroids: Grow into the uterine cavity Intramural Fibroids: Develop within the uterine wall Subserosal Fibroids: Form on the outer surface of the uterus Pedunculated Fibroids: Attached by a stalk extending from the uterus How Fibroids Can Affect Fertility Not all fibroids impact fertility. However, certain types and locations are more likely to interfere with conception, implantation, or pregnancy progression. Submucosal Fibroids: These are most likely to affect fertility because they distort the uterine cavity, which can prevent implantation or increase the risk of miscarriage. Intramural Fibroids: When large, these fibroids can change the shape of the uterus and affect blood flow, potentially reducing the chances of successful embryo implantation. Tubal Blockage: Fibroids located near the fallopian tubes can obstruct sperm or egg movement, preventing fertilization. Cervical Fibroids: Although rare, fibroids near the cervix can hinder sperm entry into the uterus. Common Symptoms of Fibroids Fibroid symptoms vary widely — some people experience significant discomfort, while others have no symptoms at all. Common signs include: Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding Pelvic pain or pressure Pain during intercourse Frequent urination or constipation Recurrent pregnancy loss or difficulty conceiving For many patients, fibroids are first discovered during a fertility evaluation or routine pelvic exam . Diagnosis and Treatment Options At Caperton Fertility Institute , we use advanced diagnostic imaging such as ultrasound and MRI to assess fibroid size, number, and location. Once diagnosed, treatment is tailored to your fertility goals and overall health. Treatment options include: Medical Management: Hormonal therapies to reduce symptoms and fibroid growth. Surgical Options: Myomectomy to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus. Minimally Invasive Procedures: Hysteroscopic or laparoscopic surgery for faster recovery and minimal scarring. Our approach is designed to preserve fertility whenever possible while alleviating symptoms and improving uterine health. Hope After a Fibroid Diagnosis A fibroid diagnosis doesn’t mean you can’t conceive. Many patients with fibroids go on to achieve healthy pregnancies — especially with proper evaluation and treatment. At Caperton Fertility Institute , our experienced fertility specialists in Albuquerque, NM , and El Paso, TX , provide compassionate, individualized care for every patient. We’ll guide you through diagnosis, treatment, and the next steps toward achieving your dream of parenthood. ✨ If you suspect fibroids may be affecting your fertility, schedule a consultation today. Let’s take the next step together toward your fertility goals.
Every loss is unique. Every story matters. Every life is remembered.
1. What is egg donation? Egg donation is the process by which a healthy woman donates her eggs to help another individual or couple conceive a child. These eggs may be fertilized through in vitro fertilization (IVF) and implanted into a recipient’s uterus or frozen for future use. 2. Who can become an egg donor? At Caperton Fertility Institute, we welcome egg donors who meet the following criteria: Ages 19–30 Physically and emotionally healthy Non-smoker, non-drug user Regular menstrual cycles No history of genetic or reproductive disorders Willing to undergo medical and psychological screening Able to commit to the time and responsibilities of the donation process 3. Why do people need egg donors? Egg donors help individuals and couples who are unable to conceive using their own eggs due to: Advanced maternal age Genetic conditions Medical treatments like chemotherapy LGBTQ+ family-building Unexplained infertility 4. Is egg donation safe? Yes. Egg donation is a common and generally safe medical process. It involves hormone injections to stimulate the ovaries and a minor outpatient procedure to retrieve the eggs. Risks are low but can include mild discomfort, bloating, or temporary side effects from medication. Serious complications are rare. 5. Will donating affect my fertility? No, egg donation does not impact your long-term fertility. Women are born with thousands of eggs, and donation uses only a small number that would naturally be lost in a normal cycle. 6. Is egg donation painful? Most donors report mild discomfort similar to menstrual cramps. The egg retrieval procedure is done under light sedation, so you won’t feel pain during the process. Recovery typically takes 1–2 days. 7. Will I be compensated? Yes. Caperton Fertility Institute offers generous, ethically guided compensation for your time, effort, and commitment. The amount is discussed during your initial consultation and complies with all legal and medical guidelines. 8. How long is the egg donation process? The process generally takes 6–10 weeks from initial screening to egg retrieval. It includes: Application and screening Medical and psychological evaluations Legal review Hormonal stimulation (approx. 10–14 days) Egg retrieval procedure 9. Can I still work or go to school during the donation process? Yes. Most of the process can be scheduled around your routine. However, you'll need to attend several clinic appointments and take medications on a strict schedule. During the last week, you'll need to reduce physical activity. 10. Will my identity be kept confidential? Absolutely. Donor confidentiality is strictly maintained. You can choose to remain anonymous, open, or semi-open, depending on your preferences and the recipient’s needs. 11. How do I get started? To begin the egg donor application process: Visit our Portal Fill out a questionnaire Our donor coordinator will contact you for next steps 12. Can I donate more than once? Yes, eligible donors can donate up to six times, as recommended by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). Each cycle is spaced out for your health and safety.