Understanding Semen Analysis: What It Measures and What Abnormal Results Mean
Dr. Lee Caperton • July 21, 2025
When a couple faces challenges in conceiving, one of the first steps in fertility evaluation is often a semen analysis. Male factor infertility contributes to approximately 40-50% of infertility cases. At Caperton Fertility Institute, with locations in Albuquerque, NM and El Paso, TX, we rely on this essential diagnostic tool to assess male reproductive health and guide personalized fertility treatments.
What Is a Semen Analysis?
A semen analysis evaluates the health and viability of a man's sperm. This non-invasive test measures multiple parameters that are crucial for successful conception:
Volume
The amount of ejaculate, with a typical normal range between 1.5 to 5 milliliters.
Sperm Concentration
The number of sperm per milliliter of semen. A normal sperm count is 15 million/mL or higher.
Motility
The percentage of sperm that are actively moving. A minimum of 40% motility is generally considered normal.
Morphology
The size and shape of sperm, assessed using strict criteria. A morphology score of 4% or more normal-shaped sperm is acceptable.
pH Level
Measures the acidity or alkalinity of semen, with a normal range from 7.2 to 8.0.
White Blood Cells
Elevated levels may signal infection or inflammation in the reproductive tract.
Liquefaction Time
Refers to how long it takes semen to liquefy after ejaculation. Normal liquefaction occurs within 20 to 30 minutes.
What Do Abnormal Semen Analysis Results Mean?
An abnormal result doesn’t automatically mean infertility. Semen quality can vary over time, so further testing is often needed to understand the full picture. Depending on the results, your provider may recommend:
Repeat Semen Analysis: To confirm initial findings.
Hormonal Testing: Evaluates hormone levels like testosterone, FSH, LH, and prolactin.
Genetic Testing: For severely low sperm counts or azoospermia, this can reveal chromosomal abnormalities or Y chromosome deletions.
Scrotal Ultrasound: Detects physical issues such as varicoceles or obstructions.
Referral to a Urologist: For evaluation and management of urological or endocrine disorders.
Tailored Treatment for Male Factor Infertility
At Caperton Fertility Institute, we take a holistic and individualized approach to male infertility. Based on your specific diagnosis, treatment options may include:
Lifestyle changes to improve sperm health
Medical therapies to balance hormones or treat infections
Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
In vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Schedule a Fertility Consultation Today
If you or your partner are considering fertility testing, our experienced team in Albuquerque and El Paso is here to support your journey. Schedule your consultation today to take the first step toward growing your family.
Tags: Semen Analysis, Male Fertility, Sperm Count, Infertility Testing, Caperton Fertility Institute, Albuquerque Fertility, El Paso Fertility, IVF, ICSI, Male Factor Infertility
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